Sufficiency Key to Sustainable Lifestyles, Beyond Efficiency Alone

A recent report from the Hot or Cool Institute highlights "sufficiency" as a vital approach to achieving sustainable lifestyles, challenging the limitations of efficiency alone. The study, titled *A Climate for Sufficiency*, argues that efficiency gains—such as using fewer resources for the same output—often lead to rebound effects, where savings simply fuel higher consumption.

Sufficiency, by contrast, prompts a more fundamental question: what is truly enough for a fulfilling life? The report identifies three key areas dominating global emissions—transport, food, and housing—regardless of cultural differences. Systemic shifts away from car dependency in cities, through accessible public transport and redesigned urban spaces, could cut more than 1,000 kg of CO2 equivalent per person annually. Similar or greater savings are possible by adopting plant-based diets.

The analysis also addresses global inequalities, debunking claims that lifting people out of poverty is unaffordable for the climate. The world's richest 10% account for nearly half of all emissions, while the poorest 50% contribute less than one-third. Curtailing unnecessary luxury among the wealthy would free up ample carbon budget to ensure a dignified life for everyone.

Ultimately, the report contends that the most effective climate solutions extend beyond technology to prioritise equity and wellbeing. Placing sufficiency at the heart of public debate could guide societies toward truly sustainable living.