Andorra Sociologist: Immigration Essential to Combat Ageing Population and Retiree Gaps

Joan Micó, coordinator of the sociology group at Andorra Recerca i Innovació (AR+I), has called immigration a key factor in tackling Andorra's ageing demographics and securing generational replacement.

Andorra's population structure, similar to those in neighbouring countries, is becoming increasingly top-heavy, Micó explained. Unlike many European states, the country experienced its own baby boom during past phases of rapid growth, producing large groups now reaching retirement. In response, he anticipates growing numbers of foreign workers arriving—not merely to drive economic expansion, but primarily to fill gaps left by retirees, especially in hospitality and retail.

This migration could also counter Andorra's persistently low fertility rates, a challenge shared across Europe, by supporting the pension system and preserving the social model.

Micó drew on past migration patterns to illustrate the point. In the 1960s, arrivals from Spain—particularly Andalusia and Galicia—were followed by waves from Portugal. Most stayed long-term, had children born locally, found stable employment and reshaped national identity. "We are a mix," he noted, blending traditional roots with newer elements. The process continues, he added, as long as newcomers raise families whose children embrace both parental heritage and Andorran values—much like elsewhere in Europe facing the same ageing pressures.

Rejecting "easy populist solutions," Micó advocated for embracing more complex, diverse societies and valuing this blend.

Recent obstacles, however, complicate integration. Housing shortages and the high expense of child-rearing hinder family formation and long-term settlement among newcomers. Without families, he observed, people are more likely to leave, threatening demographic balance.